【单选题】One of the major roles of the TCA cycle is to generate reduced co

1.(单选题) One of the major roles of the TCA cycle is to generate reduced cofactors for ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation. The compound donating the net eight electrons to the cofactors is which one of the following? 选项： A:Pyruvate B:Acetyl-CoA C:Lactate D:Oxaloacetate E:Phosphoenolpyruvate

2.A distance runner is training for her half marathon and as part of the training is allowing her muscles to use fatty acids as a fuel source. Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, at which point the acetyl-CoA can be oxidized in the TCA cycle to generate reduced cofactors. Which one of the following correctly describes how the acetyl-CoA is metabolized in the mitochondria? 选项： A:One molecule of acetyl-CoA produces two molecules of CO2, three molecules of NADH, one molecule of FAD(2H) and one molecule of ATP. B:All of the energy for high-energy phosphate bonds is derived from oxidative phosphorylation. C:NAD+ is the only electron acceptor in the cycle. D:Substrate-level phosphorylation generates one high-energy phosphate bond during the cycle. E:The TCA cycle requires large amounts of vitamins C and D ascoenzymes.

3.【单选题】A distance runner is training for her half marathon and as part of the training is allowing her muscles to use fatty acids as a fuel source. Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, at which point the acetyl-CoA can be oxidized in the TCA cycle to generate reduced cofactors. Which one of the following correctly describes how the acetyl-CoA is metabolized in the mitochondria? 选项： A:One molecule of acetyl-CoA produces two molecules of CO2, threeMolecules of NADH, one molecule of FAD(2H) and one molecule of ATP. B:All of the energy for high-energy phosphate bonds is derived fromOxidative phosphorylation. C:NAD+ is the only electron acceptor in the cycle. D:Substrate-level phosphorylation generates one high-energy phosphateBond during the cycle. E:The TCA cycle requires large amounts of vitamins C and D ascoenzymes.

4.(单选题,)nullA distance runner is training for her half marathon and as part of the training is allowing her muscles to use fatty acids as a fuel source. Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, at which point the acetyl-CoA can be oxidized in the TCA cycle to generate reduced cofactors. Which one of the following correctly describes how the acetyl-CoA is metabolized in the mitochondria? 选项： A:One B:produces C:and D:NAD+ E:The F:A G:and H:ascoenzymes.

5.(单选题) A distance runner is training for her half marathon and as part of the training is allowing her muscles to use fatty acids as a fuel source. Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, at which point the acetyl-CoA can be oxidized in the TCA cycle to generate reduced cofactors. Which one of the following correctly describes how the acetyl-CoA is metabolized in the mitochondria? 选项： A:One molecule of acetyl-CoA produces two molecules of CO2, threeMolecules of NADH, one molecule of FAD(2H) and one molecule of ATP. B:All of the energy for high-energy phosphate bonds is derived fromOxidative phosphorylation. C:NAD+ is the only electron acceptor in the cycle. D:Substrate-level phosphorylation generates one high-energy phosphateBond during the cycle. E:The TCA cycle requires large amounts of vitamins C and D ascoenzymes.

6.Which of following is the main substrate for TCA cycle?（）选项： A、Glucose B、Acetyl CoA C、Pyruvate D、Oxaloacetate

7.(单选题) Every human cell has the capacity to use glycolysis for energy production. Which one of the following statements correctly describes an aspect of glycolysis? 选项： A:ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation. B:Two molecules of ATP are used in the beginning of the pathway. C:Pyruvate kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme. D:One molecule of pyruvate and three molecules of CO2 are formed fromThe oxidation of one glucose molecule. E:The reactions take place in the matrix of the mitochondria.

8.Which of the following statements about the oxaloacetate replenishment pathway are correct? ( )选项： A:Pyruvate forms oxaloacetate under the catalysis of pyruvate carboxylase; B:Phosphoenolpyruvate forms oxaloacetate under the catalysis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; C:The transamination of aspartic acid and glutamic acid can form oxaloacetic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid; D:The intermediate products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle will be consumed due to anabolic metabolism, and the concentration will continue to decline

9.Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is wrong? () 选项： A、Oxygen is used to oxidize the acetyl group carbons of acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle. B、Three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are produced in one turn of the TCA cycle. C、Oxygen is not used in the TCA cycle, so the cycle can occur in anaerobic conditions. D、The TCA cycle produces the water that is formed during the complete oxidation of glucose.

10.The electron-transport chain and ATP synthase are effectively coupled. Which statement BEST describes how this occurs?选项： A:The electron-transport chain reoxidizes reduced cofactors.; B:The electron-transport chain generates an electrochemical gradient that provides energy for the production of ATP.; C:ATP synthase utilizes oxidized cofactors.; D:Through a series of conformational changes, ATP synthase generates ATP.

11.Pyruvate can be converted into many other molecules by various biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, which makes it a central hub in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Which of the following molecules is not made from pyruvate? 选项： A:oxaloacetate B:ethanol C:lactate D:NADH

12.The red blood cells require ATP in order to maintain ion gradients across their membrane. In the absence of these ion gradients, the red blood cells will swell and burst, bringing about a hemolytic anemia. Red cells generate their energy via which one of the following? 选项： A: Oxidative phosphorylation B: Oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O C: Substrate-level phosphorylation D: TCA cycle E: Electron transfer to oxygen

13.Which one is belong to ketone bodies? 选项： A、acetoacetate B、pyruvate C、isocitrate D、oxaloacetate E、malate

14.(单选题,)The red blood cells require ATP in order to maintain ion gradients across their membrane. In the absence of these ion gradients, the red blood cells will swell and burst, bringing about a hemolytic anemia. Red cells generate their energy via which one of the following? 选项： A:Oxidation B:Oxidative C:Electron D:Substrate-level E:TC F:cycle

15.【单选题】Which of the following is not part of the process known as oxidative phosphorylation? 选项： A:Molecular oxygen serves as a final electron acceptor. B:FADH2 and NADH become oxidized as they transfer a pair of electrons to the electron-transport chain. C:The electron carriers in the electron-transport chain toggle between reduced and oxidized states as electrons are passed along. D:ATP molecules are produced in the cytosol as glucose is converted into pyruvate.

16. In mammals, what process does NOT occur during the citric acid cycle? 选项： A、formation of α-ketoglutarate B、generation of NADH and FADH2 C、metabolism of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide D、net synthesis of oxaloacetate from acetyl-CoA

17. Which one of the following is NOT the major category of muscle fiber? 选项： A:Slow oxidative fibers B:Slow glycolytic fibers C:Fast oxidative fibers D:Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

18. In mammals, what process does NOT occur during the citric acid cycle?选项： A:formation of α-ketoglutarate; B:generation of NADH and FADH2; C:metabolism of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide; D:net synthesis of oxaloacetate from acetyl-CoA

19.Which of the following statements about oxaloacetate is correct? ( )选项： A:Oxaloacetate is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle; B:In the process of gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate is produced in the mitochondria.; C:Oxaloacetate can freely pass through the mitochondrial membrane; D:Part of the oxaloacetic acid can be converted into phosphoenolpyruvate in the mitochondria

20. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristic of ATP’s production? 选项： A:Oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen. B:A large amount of ATP is produced during glycolysis reactions. C:Part of this is due to part of the ATP production that’s linked to a series of oxidation reduction reactions. D:The amount of ATP is made during this process is minute with what occurs during the complete catabolism of glucose.